First of all, as a minor, you would most likely need a court-approved guardian to actually file the suit.
However, (though I'm not a lawyer) this looks to me like a premises liability case. I don't think the ID would have anything to do with it, as that did not contribute to your injury, but not cleaning up the glass could definitely be considered negligence on the part of the club, even though you were there illegally. That last part can have some bearing on whether or not you have a case, but premises liability laws usually protect trespassers and such as well as those that are on a property legally.
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That is a forum post for a case similar to yours. There is not a wealth of information there, but there is some. The only way to know if you really have a case is to speak to a lawyer.
Best of luck